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Crop: cotton
Crop Overview
Cotton is one of the most important cash crops globally, providing the raw material for the textile industry. Cotton is primarily grown in tropical and subtropical regions, including the United States, India, China, and parts of Africa. However, cotton faces significant challenges from diseases, pests, and weeds, all of which can reduce yield and fiber quality if not properly managed.
Common Diseases
1. Verticillium Wilt
● Pathogen: Verticillium dahliae
● Distribution: Found in cotton-growing regions worldwide, especially in temperate areas.
● Damage: Verticillium wilt causes yellowing and wilting of leaves due to fungal infection in the plant's vascular system. The disease leads to early leaf drop, reduced plant growth, and lower yields. In severe cases, the disease can cause significant economic losses by reducing fiber quality and yield by up to 30%.
▼ Recommended Products
● Tebuconazole 250g/L EC: Effective at managing verticillium wilt with systemic action that provides long-term protection.
● Carbendazim 50% WP: A broad-spectrum fungicide that controls soil-borne fungal diseases like verticillium wilt.
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2. Anthracnose
● Pathogen: Colletotrichum gossypii
● Distribution: Found in cotton fields across tropical and subtropical regions.
● Damage: Anthracnose primarily affects cotton bolls, causing black, sunken lesions that reduce boll size and fiber quality. The disease also attacks stems and leaves, leading to premature defoliation and significant yield loss.
▼ Recommended Products
● Azoxystrobin 200g/L SC: Highly effective against anthracnose with both preventative and curative properties.
● Flutriafol 300g/L SC: A systemic fungicide that protects cotton plants from fungal infections, including anthracnose.
3. Bacterial Blight
● Pathogen: Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum
● Distribution: Common in cotton-growing areas with high humidity, including parts of Asia and the Americas.
● Damage: Bacterial blight causes water-soaked lesions on leaves and bolls, leading to leaf drop, reduced boll size, and a decrease in fiber quality. In severe cases, the disease can cause yield losses of up to 20%.
▼ Recommended Products
● Copper Oxychloride 50% WP: A copper-based fungicide with bactericidal action, preventing the spread of bacterial blight.
● Mancozeb 80% WP: An effective contact fungicide that also provides broad-spectrum disease control.
Common Pests
1. Cotton Bollworm
● Scientific Name: Helicoverpa armigera
● Distribution: Found in cotton fields across Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
● Damage: Bollworm larvae feed on cotton bolls and flowers, causing significant damage to both yield and fiber quality. If left untreated, bollworm infestations can reduce yields by up to 50%.
▼Recommended Products
● Emamectin Benzoate 5% EC: A highly effective insecticide that targets bollworm larvae and provides fast knockdown action.
● Lambda-Cyhalothrin 5% EC: A broad-spectrum insecticide that controls bollworms and other lepidopteran pests.
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2. Aphids
● Scientific Name: Aphis gossypii
● Distribution: Found in cotton-growing regions worldwide.
● Damage: Aphids feed on cotton plants by sucking sap from leaves and stems, causing stunted growth, curled leaves, and reduced yield. Aphids also excrete honeydew, which leads to the growth of sooty mold, further damaging the plant and reducing fiber quality.
▼ Recommended Products
● Thiamethoxam 10% WDG: Provides effective, long-lasting control of aphids, with systemic action.
● Imidacloprid 20% SL: A neonicotinoid insecticide that efficiently controls aphids by disrupting their nervous system.
3. Whiteflies
● Scientific Name: Bemisia tabaci
● Distribution: Common in cotton fields across tropical and subtropical regions.
● Damage: Whiteflies feed on cotton leaves by sucking sap, causing yellowing and wilting. Additionally, whiteflies transmit viral diseases that further reduce crop productivity. Heavy infestations can cause significant yield losses and degrade fiber quality.
▼ Recommended Products
● Buprofezin 25% WP: An insect growth regulator that disrupts whitefly development, preventing them from reaching adulthood.
● Spirotetramat 150g/L SC: A systemic insecticide that targets whiteflies at multiple life stages.
Common Weeds
1. Palmer Amaranth
● Scientific Name: Amaranthus palmeri
● Distribution: Common in cotton fields across the United States and South America.
● Damage: Palmer amaranth is a highly aggressive weed that competes with cotton for water, nutrients, and sunlight, leading to reduced yields. It can also grow taller than cotton plants, further inhibiting their growth. Palmer amaranth is known for developing herbicide resistance, making it particularly difficult to control.
▼Recommended Products
● Glyphosate 41% SL: A broad-spectrum herbicide effective against Palmer amaranth, particularly in glyphosate-resistant crops.
● Atrazine 50% WP: Offers effective control of Palmer amaranth and other broadleaf weeds.
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2. Morning Glory
● Scientific Name: Ipomoea spp.
● Distribution: Found in cotton fields across the United States and parts of Asia.
● Damage: Morning glory is a climbing vine that entangles cotton plants, reducing yield by shading the crop and hindering harvesting. If not controlled, it can cause significant crop losses by restricting cotton growth and reducing light penetration.
▼ Recommended Products
● 2,4-D Amine 60% SL: A selective herbicide that effectively controls morning glory and other broadleaf weeds.
3. Barnyard Grass
● Scientific Name: Echinochloa crus-galli
● Distribution: Found in cotton fields globally, particularly in temperate and tropical regions.
● Damage: Barnyard grass competes with cotton for nutrients and water, resulting in stunted plant growth and reduced yields. Its rapid growth and seed production make it difficult to control without the right herbicides.
▼ Recommended Products
● Metolachlor 960g/L EC: A pre-emergent herbicide that provides long-term control of barnyard grass.
● Pendimethalin 33% EC: A pre-emergence herbicide effective against barnyard grass and other annual grasses.
Recommended products
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