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Crop: Rice
Crop Overview
Rice is one of the most important food crops for human beings, and its cultivation and consumption history is quite long. Half of the world's population eats rice, mainly in Asia, southern Europe, tropical America and parts of Africa.
Common Diseases
Common diseases, pests and weeds of rice crops and their impacts and corresponding prevention and control measures:
Common diseases and their impacts and prevention and control methods
1. Rice blast
● Impact: Rice blast is a highly destructive fungal disease that often causes damage to rice leaves, stems and panicles, affects photosynthesis, withers plants, poor grain development, and even complete crop failure.
● Symptoms: Brown spots form on leaves and panicles, and in severe cases, the entire field dries up.
● Prevention and control measures: Commonly used fungicides include tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, and mancozeb.
2. Sheath blight
● Impact: Sheath blight can destroy the stem and leaf structure of rice, affect the water and nutrient transport of rice, cause plant lodging, and ultimately affect yield and rice quality.
● Symptoms: Brown spots appear at the base of the stem, and the leaves gradually turn yellow.
● Prevention and control measures: Use fungicides such as Jinggangmycin, methyl thiophanate, and fenpropimorph.
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3. Rice smut
● Impact: Mainly affects the panicle of rice, causing the grains to mold and turn yellow, reducing yield and commercial value.
● Symptoms: The grains in the ear turn yellow and moldy, and the grains are shriveled or undeveloped.
● Prevention and control measures: Use fungicides such as tebuconazole, carbendazim, and isoprenaline.
4. Bacterial leaf blight
● Impact: Bacterial leaf blight is a bacterial disease that causes rice leaves to turn yellow and dry, affecting water absorption and photosynthesis. In severe cases, it can cause the plant to wilt and significantly reduce yield.
● Symptoms: Water-soaked stripes appear on the leaves, gradually expanding into brown stripes, and the leaves die.
● Prevention and control measures: Use bacterial fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, streptomycin, and copper hydroxide.
5. Bacterial leaf stripe
● Impact: Mainly infects rice leaves, reduces leaf photosynthesis, and affects nutrient transmission and grain development.
● Symptoms: Brown or yellow elongated stripes form on the leaves, causing the leaves to dry up.
● Prevention and control measures: Use bacterial fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl and copper preparations.
Common Pests
their impacts and control methods
1. Rice planthopper
● Impact: Rice planthoppers suck the sap of rice, causing the plant to turn yellow and wilt. In severe cases, the rice in the entire field will die. It can also spread viral diseases, further aggravating the disease.
● Hazard symptoms: Plant growth is stunted, leaves turn yellow, and in severe cases, the plant dries up.
● Control measures: Commonly used pesticides include imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and avermectin.
2. Rice leaf roller
● Impact: The larvae of the rice leaf roller will eat rice leaves, causing the leaves to curl, reducing photosynthesis, affecting plant growth and panicle development, and ultimately affecting yield.
● Hazard symptoms: The leaves curl into tubes, photosynthesis drops significantly, leading to poor growth.
● Control measures: Use pesticides such as chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and dimethoate.
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3. Rice weevils
● Impact: Rice weevils mainly feed on the roots of rice, destroying the absorption function of the root system, causing slow plant growth, underdeveloped root system, and affecting stress resistance.
● Hazard symptoms: Root damage, poor plant development, and lodging in severe cases.
● Prevention and control measures: Use pesticides such as thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin.
4. Stalk borers
● Impact: The larvae of the stem borers feed on the stems and panicles of rice, causing the stems to become hollow, and the nutrient transport of the plants is blocked, which seriously affects the growth and yield of rice.
● Hazard symptoms: Plants wilt, the stems become hollow, and the panicles are poorly developed.
● Prevention and control measures: Use pesticides such as chlorantraniliprole, avermectin, and emamectin benzoate.
5. Rice stink bugs
● Impact: Rice stink bugs suck the juice from the rice panicles, causing poor or shriveled grains, affecting rice yield and quality.
● Hazard symptoms: Poor panicle development, shriveled grains, and reduced rice quality.
● Prevention and control measures: Use insecticides such as bifenthrin and cypermethrin.
Common Weeds
Common weeds and their effects and prevention methods
1. Echinochloa crusgalli
● Impact: Echinochloa crusgalli is a strong competitive weed. It grows rapidly and competes with rice for water, nutrients and light, resulting in poor development of rice plants. In severe cases, it will significantly reduce yields.
● Hazard manifestations: Plants are undernourished, growth is weakened, and barnyard grass covers densely, affecting photosynthesis.
● Prevention and control measures: Use herbicides such as butachlor, pendimethalin, and cyhalofop-butyl.
2. Duck tongue grass
● Impact: Duck tongue grass mainly spreads in paddy fields, competes with rice for water and nutrients, and affects the normal growth and development of rice.
● Hazard manifestations: Rice growth is restricted, plants are sparse, and weeds are overgrown.
● Prevention and control measures: Use herbicides such as difluanid and penoxsulam.
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3. Leptochloa chinensis
● Impact: This tall weed not only competes with rice for nutrients, but also blocks light, affecting rice photosynthesis, and in severe cases, leading to a decrease in rice yield.
● Hazard manifestations: dense weed coverage, slow plant growth, and insufficient light.
● Control measures: Use herbicides such as acetochlor and benzylsulfuron-methyl.
4. Cyperus heteromorpha
● Impact: Cyperus heteromorpha is a fast-growing weed that competes with rice for space, nutrients, and light, affecting crop growth.
● Hazard manifestations: sparse rice plants, lush weed growth, and limited photosynthesis.
● Control measures: Use herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and bentazon.
5. Polygonum aviculare
● Impact: Polygonum aviculare is an aquatic weed that competes with rice for resources and affects crop development.
● Hazard manifestations: slow rice growth, sparse plants
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