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Crop: Wheat
Common diseases, pests and weeds of wheat crops and their impacts and corresponding prevention and control measures
Crop Overview
Wheat is one of the staple foods of human beings. After being ground into flour, it can be made into bread, steamed buns, biscuits, noodles and other foods. After being fermented, it can be made into beer, alcohol and liquor.
Common Diseases
Common diseases and their impacts and prevention and control methods
1. Wheat stripe rust
● Impact: Wheat stripe rust is a fungal disease caused by rust fungi, which mainly affects wheat leaves. In severe cases, it will cause premature aging of plants, hinder photosynthesis, and significantly reduce yields.
● Symptoms: Yellow stripe rust spots appear on the leaves, which expand over time and form rust spore piles.
● Prevention and control measures: Use carbendazim and triazole fungicides (such as tebuconazole) for prevention and control, and use disease-resistant varieties at the same time.
2. Wheat powdery mildew
● Impact: Wheat powdery mildew mainly affects leaves and stems, causing damage to plant photosynthesis, affecting the normal development of wheat, and reducing yields.
● Symptoms: White powdery substances appear on leaves and stems, and then turn gray or brown.
● Prevention and control measures: Use triazole fungicides and sulfur preparations for prevention and control, and spray foliar fertilizers in time to enhance disease resistance.
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3. Wheat Fusarium Scab
● Impact: Fusarium scab often occurs under humid and rainy conditions, mainly affecting the wheat ear, causing the grain to become lighter, moldy, and even produce toxins, affecting food safety.
● Symptoms: Red or pink mold layer appears on the wheat ear, and the grains rot or shrunken.
● Prevention and control measures: Spray fungicides such as tebuconazole and carbendazim during the heading period, and pay attention to avoid rain soaking during the harvest period.
4. Wheat Rust
● Impact: Rust diseases include stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust, which affect the leaves, stems and grains of wheat, causing premature aging of plants and reducing yields.
● Symptoms: Rust spots appear on leaves and stems, which expand over time and cover the entire leaf or stem.
● Prevention and control measures: Use triazole fungicides such as tebuconazole and difenoconazole.
5. Root Rot
● Impact: Root rot can cause wheat roots to rot, affecting the plant's absorption of water and nutrients, leading to slow growth and ultimately causing a significant reduction in yield.
● Symptoms: Roots turn brown and rot, plants grow slowly, and stems are poorly developed.
● Prevention and control measures: Use seed dressing agents such as fludioxonil and thiophanate-methyl to ensure seed treatment.
Common Pests
Common pests and their effects and prevention and control methods
1. Wheat aphids
● Impact: Wheat aphids suck wheat sap, causing plants to turn yellow and wilt, and spread a variety of viral diseases, such as wheat yellow dwarf virus, which seriously affects yields.
● Harmful symptoms: Leaves curl and turn yellow, plants become dwarfed, and grains are not full.
● Prevention and control measures: Use insecticides such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid.
2. Wheat sawfly
● Impact: Wheat sawfly larvae feed on wheat leaves, resulting in a reduction in the photosynthetic area of the leaves, affecting plant growth and grain development.
● Harmful symptoms: Leaves are eaten, leaving irregular defects, and in severe cases, the entire plant dies.
● Prevention and control measures: Use insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole and cyanamide.
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3. Wheat red aphid
● Impact: Wheat red aphid sucks wheat juice and can spread a variety of viral diseases, affecting the growth and yield of wheat.
● Damage symptoms: Plants turn yellow and wilt, grains are poorly developed, and yields decrease.
● Prevention and control measures: Use pesticides such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and avermectin.
4. Spodoptera exigua
● Impact: The larvae of the spodoptera exigua mainly feed on the leaves and ears of wheat, affecting grain development and resulting in reduced yields.
● Damage symptoms: The ears are eaten, grains are poorly developed, and yields decrease.
● Prevention and control measures: Use pesticides such as chlorfenapyr and avermectin.
5. Underground pests
● Impact: Underground pests such as white grubs and cutworms feed on the roots of wheat, affecting root development and causing poor plant growth.
● Damage symptoms: Plants grow weakly, roots are damaged, and they are prone to lodging.
● Prevention and control measures: Use chlorpyrifos, phoxim, etc. for soil treatment or seed treatment.
Common Weeds
Common weeds and their impacts and control methods
1. Alopecurus australis
● Impact: Alopecurus australis is a common weed that competes with wheat for nutrients and light, affecting the normal growth of wheat, and in severe cases, significantly reducing yields.
● Hazard manifestations: poor wheat growth, weak plants, and reduced yields.
● Control measures: Use selective herbicides such as clodinafop-butyl and foramsulfuron.
2. Wild oats
● Impact: Wild oats grow rapidly and compete with wheat for water and nutrients, resulting in poor development of wheat plants.
● Hazard manifestations: Dense coverage of weeds affects the photosynthesis and growth and development of wheat.
● Control measures: Use herbicides such as pendimethalin and fenoxaprop-butyl.
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3. Agropyrum tautum
● Impact: Agropyrum tautum is a stubborn weed that affects the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of wheat, resulting in weakened wheat growth.
● Hazard manifestations: Weak wheat plants, overgrown with weeds, and significantly reduced yields.
● Control measures: Use herbicides such as fenoxaprop-butyl and fenoxaprop-butyl.
4. Glechoma longituba
● Impact: Glechoma longituba competes with wheat for nutrients and water, causing poor growth of wheat plants and seriously affecting yield.
● Hazard manifestations: Weeds multiply rapidly, covering wheat fields and affecting wheat development.
● Prevention and control measures: Use selective herbicides such as foramsulfuron.
5. Maijiagong
● Impact: Maijiagong is a common grass weed that competes with wheat for nutrients and causes poor development of wheat.
● Hazard manifestations: Weak plants, overgrown weeds in the field, and severe yield reduction.
● Prevention and control measures: Use herbicides such as fomesafen and clodinafop-butyl.
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