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Crop: Sorghum
Crop Overview
Sorghum is a drought-tolerant cereal crop grown primarily for food, feed, and biofuel production. It is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and parts of North and South America. Despite its resilience, sorghum is susceptible to various diseases, pests, and weeds, which can negatively impact yields and overall crop quality.
Common Diseases
1. Anthracnose
● Pathogen: Colletotrichum sublineola
● Distribution: Found in sorghum-growing regions worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates.
● Damage: Anthracnose affects leaves, stalks, and grain, causing circular lesions on leaves and leading to leaf necrosis. Severe infections can reduce photosynthesis, resulting in stunted plant growth and lower yields. It can cause yield losses of up to 50%.
▼ Recommended Products
● Azoxystrobin 200g/L SC: A systemic fungicide that controls anthracnose and protects the plant from further infection.
● Tebuconazole 250g/L EC: Provides long-term control of anthracnose and other foliar diseases in sorghum.
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2. Downy Mildew
● Pathogen: Peronosclerospora sorghi
● Distribution: Common in warm, humid sorghum-growing regions, especially in Africa and Asia.
● Damage: Downy mildew causes yellow striping on leaves, leaf curling, and stunted growth. It also infects the grain, reducing both yield and quality. The disease can spread quickly in favorable conditions, particularly in waterlogged soils.
▼ Recommended Products
● Metalaxyl 250g/L SC: A systemic fungicide that effectively controls downy mildew in sorghum fields.
● Mancozeb 80% WP: A contact fungicide that provides preventive protection against downy mildew.
3. Grain Mold
● Pathogen: Multiple species, including Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp.
● Distribution: Found in sorghum fields in humid regions, especially during prolonged wet conditions.
● Damage: Grain mold affects the quality of sorghum grains, leading to discoloration, reduced seed viability, and mycotoxin contamination. Severe infestations can render the grain unmarketable and unsuitable for human or animal consumption.
▼ Recommended Products
● Prothioconazole 250g/L SC: An effective fungicide that controls grain mold, protecting sorghum grains from contamination.
● Fluazinam 200g/L SC: Offers broad-spectrum control of fungal diseases, including grain mold.
Common Pests
1. Sorghum Midge
● Scientific Name: Contarinia sorghicola
● Distribution: Found in sorghum-growing regions across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
● Damage: Sorghum midge larvae feed on developing sorghum grains, causing them to shrivel and fail to mature. Infestations during the flowering stage can lead to significant yield losses, often exceeding 20-30% if not controlled.
▼ Recommended Products
● Lambda-Cyhalothrin 5% EC: A broad-spectrum insecticide that provides quick knockdown action against sorghum midge.
● Emamectin Benzoate 5% EC: Highly effective in controlling midge populations during critical crop growth stages.
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2. Fall Armyworm
● Scientific Name: Spodoptera frugiperda
● Distribution: Found in sorghum-growing regions worldwide, particularly in the Americas and Africa.
● Damage: Fall armyworm larvae feed on sorghum leaves, stems, and panicles, causing significant defoliation and yield loss. Infestations can lead to reduced grain quality and overall productivity, with yield losses of up to 50% in severe cases.
▼ Recommended Products
● Spinosad 480g/L SC: Provides excellent control of fall armyworm, reducing leaf and grain damage.
● Indoxacarb 15% SC: A broad-spectrum insecticide that targets fall armyworm and other lepidopteran pests.
3. Greenbug Aphid
● Scientific Name: Schizaphis graminum
● Distribution: Found in sorghum fields in the Americas, Asia, and parts of Africa.
● Damage: Greenbug aphids suck sap from sorghum plants, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. Aphids also transmit viral diseases, further reducing crop yield. Large infestations can lead to stunted growth and significant yield losses.
▼ Recommended Products
● Thiamethoxam 10% WDG: Provides systemic control of greenbug aphids and offers long-term protection.
● Imidacloprid 20% SL: A neonicotinoid insecticide that efficiently controls aphids by disrupting their nervous system.
Common Weeds
1. Johnson Grass
● Scientific Name: Sorghum halepense
● Distribution: Common in sorghum-growing regions worldwide.
● Damage: Johnson grass is a highly competitive perennial weed that competes with sorghum for water, nutrients, and sunlight. Its aggressive growth habit can lead to significant yield reductions, especially in nutrient-poor soils.
▼ Recommended Products
● Glyphosate 41% SL: A non-selective herbicide that provides effective control of Johnson grass.
● Pendimethalin 33% EC: A pre-emergence herbicide that controls Johnson grass and other annual grasses.
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2. Shattercane
● Scientific Name: Sorghum bicolor
● Distribution: Found in sorghum fields in North America, Africa, and parts of Asia.
● Damage: Shattercane is a wild relative of cultivated sorghum and competes directly with it for resources. Its rapid growth and ability to cross-pollinate with sorghum can reduce crop yields and grain quality.
▼ Recommended Products
● Atrazine 50% WP: A selective herbicide effective against Shattercane and other broadleaf weeds.
● Metolachlor 960g/L EC: A pre-emergence herbicide that provides long-lasting control of Shattercane.
3. Pigweed
● Scientific Name: Amaranthus spp.
● Distribution: Common in sorghum-growing regions across the globe.
● Damage: Pigweed is a highly competitive broadleaf weed that reduces sorghum yields by competing for light, water, and nutrients. Some pigweed species are resistant to certain herbicides, making them difficult to control.
▼ Recommended Products
● 2,4-D Amine 60% SL: A selective herbicide that effectively controls pigweed and other broadleaf weeds.
● Dicamba 48% SL: An herbicide used for controlling pigweed and other herbicide-resistant weeds.
Recommended products
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