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Plant growth regulators can affect multiple stages of plant growth and development.
In actual production, plant growth regulators play specific roles including induction of callus, rapid propagation and detoxification, promotion of seed germination, regulation of seed dormancy, promotion of rooting, Regulate growth, regulate plant type, regulate flower bud differentiation, regulate floral nature, induce seedless fruit, preserve flowers and fruit, thin flowers and fruit, regulate fruit maturity, prevent fruit cracking, strengthen seedlings and seedlings, prevent lodging, improve stress resistance, and improve Crop quality, increase yield, storage and preservation, etc.
The application effect of plant growth regulators is related to the specific application technology. For example, the use of auxin regulators at low concentrations can promote crop growth, while high concentrations can inhibit plant growth.
Plant growth regulators have a wide range of applications, which can be divided into the following 6 areas:
It is applied to field crops, such as rice, wheat, corn, rape, peanut, soybean, sweet potato, cotton and potato.
Applied to vegetables, such as melons, beans, cabbage, cabbage, fungi, solanaceous fruits, onions and garlic, root vegetables, green leafy vegetables, etc.
Applied to fruit trees, such as apples, cherries, grapes, bananas, citrus, ginkgo, peach, pear, etc.
Used in forestry, such as fir, pine, eucalyptus, camellia, poplar, rubber tree, etc.
Applied to special plants, such as aromatic plants, medicinal plants, sweet sorghum, sugar beet, sugar cane, tobacco, tea trees, etc.
Applied to ornamental plants, such as herbal flowers, succulents, woody plants, etc.
Title: Plant Growth Regulators Category: Pesticide Sources: China Plantation Grand View · Pesticide Rolls Plant growth regulators are a class of substances that have similar physiological and biological effects as plant hormones.
It has been found that substances regulating plant growth and development are amine fresh ester (DA-6), chlorpyrifos, sodium nitrophenolate, auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, brassinolide. Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, paclobutrazol and polyamines, etc., and used as plant growth regulators in agricultural production are mainly in the top nine categories.
Plant growth regulators are the product of comprehensive development of various scientific technologies such as organic synthesis, microanalysis, plant physiology and biochemistry, and modern agriculture, forestry and horticulture. In the 1920s and 1930s, traces of natural plant hormones such as ethylene, 3-indole acetic acid and gibberellin were found in plants, which have the effect of controlling growth and development. In the 1940s, research on synthetic analogues began, and 2,4-D, amine fresh ester (DA-6), chlorpyrifos, sodium nitrophenolate, α-naphthylacetic acid, and bud-dan were gradually developed. Promote use and form a category of pesticides (see table). More than 30 years of artificial plant growth regulators have been synthesized, but due to the complicated application technology, their development is not as rapid as pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, and the application scale is also small. However, from the perspective of the needs of agricultural modernization, plant growth regulators have great potential for development, and there has been a trend of accelerated development in the 1980s. China has been producing and applying plant growth regulators since the 1950s.
For the target plant, the plant growth regulator is an exogenous non-nutritive chemical that is usually transported to the site of action in the plant and promotes or inhibits certain aspects of its life process at very low concentrations. To meet the needs of human development. Each plant growth regulator has a specific use, and the application technology requirements are quite strict, and specific effects can be exerted on the target plant only under specific application conditions (including external factors). Frequent changes in concentration result in opposite results, such as a promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations. Plant growth regulators have many uses, depending on the variety and target plant. For example: control germination and dormancy; promote rooting; promote cell elongation and division; control lateral buds or tillers; control plant type (short-strong anti-fall); control flowering or sex ratio, induce no fruit; flower thinning, control fruit drop Control the shape or maturity of the fruit; enhance stress resistance (resistance, drought resistance, salt tolerance, antifreeze); enhance the ability to absorb fertilizer; increase sugar or change acidity; improve flavor and color; promote latex or resin secretion; Or evasive (for easy mechanical harvesting); preservation and so on. Some plant growth regulators are herbicides used at high concentrations, and some herbicides have growth regulation at low concentrations.
1. The dosage should be suitable, and the dosage should not be increased arbitrarily. Plant growth regulators are a class of substances that have similar physiological and biological effects as plant hormones and cannot be used in excess. Generally only a few grams or a few milliliters per acre. Some farmers are always afraid that the amount of use is small, and there is no effect. If you increase the dosage or use the concentration at will, it will not promote the growth of the plant, but will inhibit its growth, and even lead to malformation, dryness, and death of the whole plant.
2. Can not be mixed at will. Many vegetable farmers use the plant growth regulator to save time and often mix it with fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, etc. Whether plant growth regulators and chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other substances can be mixed, must be carefully read and used after testing, can not be determined, otherwise it will not achieve the role of promoting growth or preservation of flowers and fruits, supplement fertilizer, but will be improperly mixed A phytotoxicity has occurred. For example, the ethephon solution is usually acidic and cannot be mixed with alkaline substances; the amine fresh ester is easily decomposed by alkali and cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers.
3. The method of use should be appropriate. Some vegetable farmers often do not read the instructions carefully before using the plant growth regulator, but use the plant growth regulator directly with water. Whether it can be directly watered must be seen clearly, because some plant growth regulators can not be directly dissolved in water, if not prepared into the mother liquor and then formulated into the required concentration, the agent is difficult to mix, will affect the use of the effect. Therefore, it must be diluted in strict accordance with the instructions for use.
4. Growth regulators are not a substitute for fertilizer application. Growth regulators are not plant nutrients. They can only regulate growth and cannot replace fertilizers. In the case of insufficient water and fertilizer conditions, spraying too much plant growth regulator is harmful. Therefore, when plant growth is found to be poor, it is first necessary to strengthen the management of fertilization and watering, and on the basis of this, the growth regulator can be used to effectively exert its effects.
5. Plant growth regulators are pesticide products. The product packaging must have a formal "three pesticides" and the labeling zone is yellow.
6. Strictly follow the instructions and take protective measures to prevent the impact on people, livestock and water safety.
A. Strengthen fertilizer and water management.
1. Reasonable fertilization. Mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer; heavy application of base fertilizer, appropriate amount of topdressing; focus on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and the use of micro-fertilizer; no fruit-sensitive fertilizer, regulate growth.
2. Scientific management of water. The period of maintaining the fruit and improving the fruit setting rate is when the water demand of the fruit tree is high. If the soil is short of water, it should be watered in time, and combined with fertilization. Do not pour water at noon on hot days, and should be done in the evening or in the morning.
B. Strengthen tree management.
1. Thinning flowers and thin fruit. Fruit trees with too much flower and fruit are thinned and thinned, and the amount of flowers and fruits should be determined according to the specific tree potential, and the fruits, deformed fruits and overly dense fruits should be removed.
2. Pressure control summer shoots. The fruit can be used to control the rapid growth of summer shoots by water spray or adopting new shoots to promote reproductive growth and increase production and income.
3. Reasonable pruning. Pruning can reduce shading and enhance photosynthesis. It is usually combined after fruit picking or thinning and thinning, cutting off weak branches, dead branches, cross branches, diseased branches, short and strong branches to reach expanded fruits. the goal of.
C. Strengthen pest control.
1. Seize the prevention period. According to the law of occurrence and development of pests and diseases, seize the timely use of drugs in key periods of prevention and control to reduce pests and diseases.
2. Rational use of pesticides. The first is to choose low-toxic and high-efficiency pollution-free pesticides; the second is to prepare the concentration according to the instructions for pesticide use, and the concentration should not be too large; the third is to pay attention to the prevention and treatment methods, and the insecticide should not be applied during the flowering period, and the spraying should not be carried out in rainy or high temperature. Fruit tree sensitive pesticides.